the world of traditional photography, the ISO (formerly ASA) represents the speed of photographic negative. ISO speed has a direct effect on the combination of shutter speed / aperture of the diaphragm. In an environment where the light is insufficient, and for various reasons you can’t use the flash, the only option available to capture the scene with a correct exposure is to increase the ISO speed.
When a scene includes both stationary and moving subjects (for example, a fixed street and moving cars or a camera within a car showing a fixed dash-board and moving scenery), a slow shutter speed can cause interesting effects, such as light trails.
Long exposures are easiest to accomplish in low-light conditions, but can be done in brighter light using neutral density filters or specially designed cameras.
Night photography
photo by MumbleyJoe - exposure: 114 sec
By leaving the camera's shutter open for an extended period of time, more light is absorbed, creating a brighter product. If the camera is stationary for the entire period of time that the shutter is open, a very vibrant and clear photograph can be produced
Light painting
photography by BUR?BLUE - Exposure: 656 sec 
In this technique, a scene is kept very dark and the photographer or an assistant takes a light source—it can be small penlight—and moves it about in patterns. The light source can be turned off between strokes
Water and long exposure
photography by Forest Wander- Exposure: 30 sec
Long exposures can blur moving water so it has mist-like qualities while keeping stationary objects like land and structures sharp
- Helena Salvo
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