Final Post

Review of Basic Film Photography (last post):
By: Jennifer Maldonado


DIAPHRAGM

• The lens opening inside a photographic lens (also known as the aperture)
• Regulates the amount of light that the film is exposed to, when taking a photograph 
• (Indicated by the F-number figures, which are listed on the lens of the camera--i.e. 1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22")
• The greater the F-number (the SMALLER the diaphragm) = LESS light enters
• The smaller the F-number (the wider the diaphragm) = MORE light enters

SHUTTER SPEED

• Controls how long light enters the camera (and into the film)
• Slower shutter speed = More light
• Faster shutter speed = Less light
• (i.e. "...8, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1000")

Slow Shutter Speed

Fast Shutter Speed

DEPTH OF FIELD

• The distance between the foreground & background of the subject that appears to be in focus
• There are 2 types of depth of field:
1. Shallow depth of field-- One point in the foreground is in focus, and the background is blurred
2. Great (maximum) depth of field-- Nearly everything is focused
• Determined by the length of the lens
• Larger aperture & closer focal distance (long lens) = Shallower depth of field (i.e. A telephoto lens)
• Smaller aperture & farther focal distance = Greater depth of field

(Blurred Foreground and Focused Background)

Shallow Depth of Field (Focused Foreground and Blurred Background)

ISO 

• Film sensor sensitivity (related to the amount of light you have)
• Higher sensitivity = More light (can take pictures in the dark with a very high ISO)
• Lower sensitivity = Less light (You will need to open the diaphragm to obtain more light)

• Greater ISO = grain :(
• Low ISO minimizes the effect of noise in the photograph!

High ISO (Sensitivity)

Low ISO (Sensitivity)

KELVIN

• Color temperature (a measurement of the lighting)
• Warm = Low
• Cool = High
• Normal daylight = ~5,500 degrees Kelvin

Kelvin Color Temperatures

LIGHT METER

• Measures how much light is coming into the camera (determines the exposure of the photograph)
• There are 2 types of light meters: 

1. Hand-held light meter
2. Built in light meter

• Used to produce the desired exposure levels

Hand-held light meter (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Digital_ambient_light_meter.jpg) 

FILL IN FLASH

• Used in bright light to reveal details in darker, shadowed areas
• Can also be used when a shot is backlit (bright light behind the subject)
• Used frequently outdoors and helps produce photographs with brighter colors! 
• Indicated on the Minolta 35 mm camera on a dial (i.e. -2, -1, 0, +1, +2)
• Use the negative numbers if...There are bright lights in front and it is darker in the background (i.e. Theater photography)
• Use the positive numbers if...There is a bright light behind the subject (the subject is in a shadow)

By: Jennifer Maldonado


Sources of Photographs:
http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/SStYiZcF6RPL8-vT6_-kbw
http://www.frigidlight.com/2010/02/08/2nd-round-of-prints-f-stop-and-depth-of-field/
http://frigidlight.com/gallery/albums/userpics/10001/Herro.jpg
http://thephotobox.yuku.com/topic/4020
http://www.flickr.com/photos/konaboy/72845202/
http://www.digital-photography-school.com/shutter-speed
http://www.cameracity.info/panasonic-lumix-fz35
http://www.photoreview.com.au/guides/digitalslr/iso-and-white-balance.aspx
http://thediscerningphotographer.com/2009/08/16/kelvin-temperature-in-photography/